Papers by Bill Yuchen Lin
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| Challenge: | a small learning gap exists between large and small language models . long CoT data and large model responses are not beneficial for small models - a problem that may be due to the small student model's ability to handle distribution shifts. |
| Approach: | They propose a mix distillation strategy that balances reasoning complexity by combining long and short CoT examples or reasoning from both larger and smaller models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed strategy outperforms training on large and small models on short CoT and small model CoT. |
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| Challenge: | Currently, human communication models fail to explicitly model common ground (CG) . less than half of the responses in current data is rated as high quality . |
| Approach: | They propose a dataset that annotates dialogues with explicit CG and solicits 9k diverse responses each following one common ground. |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset annotates dialogues with explicit CG and solicits 9k diverse responses each following one common ground. |
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| Challenge: | Currently, response generation (RG) models do not understand human communication intents. |
| Approach: | They propose to examine commonsense reasoning implicitly to determine whether RG models produce coherent responses in conversations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed probing settings show that RG models fail to capture the logical relations between commonsense explanations and responses and fine-tuning on in-domain data do not lead to understanding of CSR for RG. |
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| Challenge: | Recent named entity recognition models have great performance on many conventional benchmarks, but it is not reliable in realistic applications. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to create natural adversarial examples using Wikidata and pre-trained language models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method produces natural adversarial examples with a shifted distribution from training data. |
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| Challenge: | SpanBERT model is more robust than RoBERTa, despite having similar accuracy on unperturbed test data. |
| Approach: | They propose a pipeline to replace entity names with names from a variety of sources. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs worse when entities are renamed, the authors show . SpanBERT, which is pretrained with span-level masking, is more robust than RoBERTa . |
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| Challenge: | Recent studies show that pre-trained language models perform well on commonsense-reasoning benchmark datasets, but building machines with commonsence to compose plausible sentences remains challenging. |
| Approach: | They propose a constrained text generation task for generative commonsense reasoning that generates a coherent sentence using common concepts. |
| Outcome: | The proposed task generates a coherent sentence describing an everyday scenario using common concepts over 35k concept-sets. |
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| Challenge: | empowering machines with the ability to perform commonsense reasoning has been seen as the bottleneck of artificial general intelligence . |
| Approach: | They propose a textual inference framework that uses external commonsense knowledge graphs to answer commonsensical questions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework is based on graph convolutional networks and LSTMs with a hierarchical path-based attention mechanism. |
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| Challenge: | Existing open-source evaluation paradigms lack flexibility and performance . language model-based evaluation is cheap and scalable, but it is difficult to evaluate . |
| Approach: | They propose a language model-based evaluation paradigm that uses a scalar indicator of quality to assess LM outputs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed language model-based evaluation model is more powerful than its predecessor. |
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| Challenge: | ReCoVERR reduces the over-abstention of a vision-language system with low tolerance for inaccurate predictions without increasing the error rate of the system’s predictions. |
| Approach: | They propose an inference-time algorithm to reduce the over-abstention of a selective vision-language system without increasing the error rate of the system’s predictions. |
| Outcome: | ReCoVERR reduces the over-abstention of a vision-language system without increasing the error rate of the system’s predictions. |
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| Challenge: | a riddle-style commonsense questions require complex commonsensense reasoning and figurative language skills . there is currently no dataset aimed at testing these abilities . authors propose a new multiple-choice question answering task . |
| Approach: | They propose a new multiple-choice question answering task that uses a large dataset for riddlestyle commonsense questions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed task comes with the first large dataset for answering riddlestyle commonsense questions. |
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| Challenge: | Existing frameworks for sequence labeling and classification require massive human effort and labeling data is limited. |
| Approach: | They propose a web-based, Label-Efficient AnnotatioN framework that allows an annotator to provide the needed labels for a task and can capture explanations for each labeling decision. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework surpasses baseline F1 scores by 5-10 percentage points while using 2X times fewer labeled instances. |
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| Challenge: | Existing models that pursue rapid generalization to new tasks are mostly trained in a single shot on fixed datasets, unable to dynamically expand their knowledge. |
| Approach: | They propose a new learning setup that assumes a model learns from a sequence of diverse NLP tasks arriving sequentially, accumulating knowledge for improved generalization to new tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed learning setup improves generalization ability while retaining performance on the tasks learned earlier. |
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| Challenge: | Existing commonsense reasoning models work by scoring a question-candidate pair, but new approaches are needed to answer multiple-choice questions. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a corpus of commonsense facts to answer a commonsensical question without any pre-defined choices as a resource. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms baseline methods by a large margin in the open-ended commonsense reasoning task. |
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| Challenge: | CulturalBench is a set of 1,696 human-written and human-verified questions to assess LMs’ cultural knowledge covering 45 global regions including underrepresented ones like Bangladesh, Zimbabwe, and Peru. |
| Approach: | They construct a set of 1,696 human-written and human-verified questions to assess LMs' cultural knowledge, covering 45 global regions including underrepresented ones like Bangladesh, Zimbabwe, and Peru. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms other models across cultures, while underperforming on questions related to North Africa, South America and Middle East. |
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| Challenge: | Existing work on augmenting question answering models with external knowledge (e.g., knowledge graphs) lacks transparency into the model’s prediction rationale. |
| Approach: | They propose a knowledge-aware approach that equips pre-trained language models with a multi-hop relational reasoning module that performs multi-relational reasoning over subgraphs extracted from external knowledge graphs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs multi-hop, multi-relational reasoning over subgraphs extracted from external knowledge graphs. |
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| Challenge: | Recent research shows that pretrained language models are often brittle for complex reasoning tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose to use pre-trained language models to teach machines to reason over texts . they will review recent promising approaches to tackling complex reasoning tasks . |
| Outcome: | This tutorial reviews promising approaches to complex reasoning tasks . it reviews the methods that can be used to augment models with robustness . |
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| Challenge: | a new paper examines the problem of computing cross-cultural differences and similarities in natural language understanding . cross-culture differences are important for cross-lingual research, especially in social media . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for computing cross-cultural differences and similarities from social media . they propose to use a social media platform to find similar terms for slang across languages . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baseline methods on two novel tasks. |
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| Challenge: | Named entity recognition (NER) is a fundamental information extraction task that focuses on extracting entities from a given text and classifying them using pre-defined categories. |
| Approach: | They propose to use “entity triggers” to facilitate label-efficient learning of NER models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model is significantly more cost-effective than the traditional neural NER frameworks. |
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| Challenge: | Lumos is a framework for training open-source agents on complex interactive tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for training open-source LLM-based agents called Lumos . Lumos features a learnable, unified and modular architecture with a planning module that learns high-level subgoal generation and a grounding module trained to translate these into the actions using various tools in the execution module. |
| Outcome: | The framework outperforms open-source agents on QA and web tasks. |
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| Challenge: | Recent studies show that pre-trained language models possess certain commonsense and factual knowledge. |
| Approach: | They propose to use pre-trained language models to predict masked words . they introduce a probing task with 13.6k m-word-prediction probes . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs poorly on the diagnostic dataset prior to any fine-tuning and fine-testing with distant supervision. |
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| Challenge: | Existing video metrics are lagging behind in providing reliable scores over generated videos due to lack of large-scale human-annotated dataset. |
| Approach: | They propose to use VideoFeedback to train a human-annotated multi-aspect score over 37.6K synthesized videos from 11 existing video generative models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms the prior best metrics by 50 points in the test. |
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| Challenge: | Using multilingual language models, commonsense reasoning research has been limited to English. |
| Approach: | They propose a Mickey Probe task to evaluate commonsense across languages . they propose X-CSQA and XCODAH datasets to be translated to 14 languages based on the Mickey corpus . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method significantly improves sentence representations beyond English. |
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| Challenge: | We study whether and how cross-task generalization ability can be acquired . we use CrossFit to standardize seen/unseen task partitions and evaluation protocols . |
| Approach: | They propose a problem setup for studying cross-task generalization ability which standardizes seen/unseen task partitions and data access during different learning stages. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can be used to build few-shot learners across diverse tasks. |
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| Challenge: | Named entity recognition models have shown impressive results in overcoming label scarcity and generalizing to unseen entities by leveraging distant supervision and auxiliary information such as explanations. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that automatically generates and leverages “entity triggers” which are human-readable cues in the text that help guide the model to make better decisions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms the RoBERTa-CRF baseline by nearly 0.5 F1 points on three well-studied datasets. |
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| Challenge: | Increasing concerns and regulations about data privacy necessitate the study of privacy-preserving, decentralized learning methods for natural language processing tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for evaluating federated learning methods on four different tasks . they propose federation between Transformer-based language models and FL methods . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework compares FL methods on four different tasks under non-IID partitioning strategies. |
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| Challenge: | a recent study shows that open-source large language models (LLMs) exhibit diverse strengths and weaknesses due to variations in their architectures and training data. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that leverages the diverse strengths of open-source large language models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms individual LLMs and baseline methods across various metrics, establishing a substantial performance gap. |
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| Challenge: | Knowledge in natural language processing (NLP) is a rising trend especially after the advent of large scale pre-trained models. |
| Approach: | This tutorial introduces the key steps in integrating knowledge into natural language processing (NLP) it introduces knowledge grounding from text, knowledge representation and fusing. |
| Outcome: | This tutorial introduces the key steps in integrating knowledge into natural language processing including knowledge grounding from text, knowledge representation and fusing. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to optimize instruction-following capabilities of large language models (LLMs) assume that larger or stronger models are stronger teachers and therefore adopt smaller models as response generators. |
| Approach: | They propose to use large-scale instruction datasets to tune large language models to align with specific tasks and user intents. |
| Outcome: | The proposed metric outperforms most baselines in identifying the effectiveness of response generators. |
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| Challenge: | Despite advances in large language models, they face substantial challenges in terms of safety. |
| Approach: | They develop a safety-aware decoding strategy for large language models to defend against jailbreak attacks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed strategy outperforms six defense methods against jailbreak attacks on five LLMs. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for analyzing and summarizing customer reviews are based on a number of prominent review aspects. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for extracting the most prominent aspects of a given product type from textual reviews. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework extracts K most prominent aspect terms which do not overlap semantically without supervision. |
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| Challenge: | a new metric measures the percentage of questions that were answered incorrectly during fine-tuning . |
| Approach: | They propose a decoding strategy that draws outputs from multiple checkpoints along the training trajectory. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves reasoning performance and consistency across benchmarks. |
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| Challenge: | a recent study evaluated language models using abstract evaluation criteria that lack the flexibility and granularity of human assessment. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark to evaluate nine distinct language models' capabilities . they use instance-specific evaluation criteria to mirror human evaluation . |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark evaluates nine distinct capabilities of language models across 77 tasks. |
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| Challenge: | Emerging large reasoning models (LRMs) leverage long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning to enhance their reasoning capabilities. |
| Approach: | They conduct a systematic study of LRM safety using human annotations to assess their safety. |
| Outcome: | The proposed safety measures are compared to state-of-the-art models on strong and wildjailbreak datasets. |
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| Challenge: | Current evaluations of large language models (LLMs) focus on a single output per example, which limits our understanding of LLM performance variability in real-world applications. |
| Approach: | They explore the performance differences between greedy decoding and sampling and identify benchmarks’ consistency regarding non-determinism and examine unique model behaviors. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms sampling methods and greedy decoding outperformed other models. |
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| Challenge: | Existing continual learning (CL) problems cannot cover real-world scenarios such as out-of-distribution errors. |
| Approach: | They propose a continual model refinement problem formulation to solve this problem . they extend several existing continual learning approaches to the CMR problem based on a general sampling algorithm . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model refinement solution improves on existing models and their performance metrics. |
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| Challenge: | Existing sequence annotation tools focus on improving user interfaces and user interface. |
| Approach: | They propose an open-source web-based data annotation framework for sequence tagging tasks . the framework is based on active learning and automatic crowd consolidation . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework is a comprehensive solution for sequence labeling tasks . it can be deployed in downstream systems while new annotations are being made . |
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| Challenge: | Evaluating reward models presents an opportunity to understand the opaque technologies used for alignment of language models. |
| Approach: | They present a benchmark dataset and code-base for evaluation of reward models . they use prompt-chosen-rejected trios to benchmark how they perform on queries . |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset compares RMs with other models on a set of questions. |
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| Challenge: | Named entity recognition is a type of information extraction task whereby features can be designed based on domain-specific knowledge. |
| Approach: | They propose to use existing neural architectures to adapt to new domains without retraining . they propose to add adaptation layers to existing neural models to minimize re-training based on source data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods on social media domains. |
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| Challenge: | Pre-trained language models have impressive performance on commonsense inference benchmarks, but their ability to make robust inferences is debated. |
| Approach: | They propose a challenge that evaluates robust commonsense inference despite textual perturbations using commonsensical knowledge bases and probe PTLMs across two different evaluation settings. |
| Outcome: | The proposed procedure evaluates robust commonsense inference despite textual perturbations using commonsensense knowledge bases and probe PTLMs across two evaluation settings. |
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| Challenge: | Lack of transparency in training data is limiting external oversight and inspection of LLMs for issues such as copyright infringement and data contamination. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to identify training data known to proprietary LLMs without requiring access to model weights or token probabilities by using information-guided probes. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can identify training data known to proprietary LLMs without access to model weights or token probabilities. |
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| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks for large language models do not fully evaluate their potential for broad implementation. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a fixed LLM as a user agent to engage with an LLM to collect dialogues first under different tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms LLaMA-3-70b-Chat on 18.55% more cases. |
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| Challenge: | LocatedNear relation is a kind of commonsense knowledge describing two physical objects that are typically found near each other in real life. |
| Approach: | They propose to automatically extract LocatedNear relation from corpus by a sentence-level relation classifier and aggregating scores of entity pairs from a large corpus. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can be used to extract the commonsense LOCATEDNEAR relation from a large corpus. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for Sequence Labeling require high-quality annotations, but imperfect annotations are relatively easy to obtain from crowdsourcing (noisy labels) Existing approaches to learn a model without knowing the underlying ground truth label sequences in the target domain are expensive and time-consuming. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework Consensus Network that can be trained on annotations from multiple sources. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves on learning with crowd annotations and unsupervised cross-domain model adaptation in two practical settings. |
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| Challenge: | OpenCodeInterpreter-33B provides a high level of performance for code generation, executing, and iterative refinement. |
| Approach: | They propose a family of open-source code systems for generating, executing, and iteratively refining code. |
| Outcome: | The OpenCodeInterpreter-33B performs well on humanEval, MBPP, and EvalPlus benchmarks. |
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integral components in various autonomous agent systems. |
| Approach: | They propose an exploration-based trajectory optimization approach that allows agents to learn from their exploration failures. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms baseline methods on three complex tasks by a large margin. |